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Stress test of Birds and Habitats Directives

In 2026, the European Commission is carrying out a stress test of the Birds and Habitats Directives. It is part of the European Commission's wider initiative on simplification, aiming to enhance EU competitiveness while safeguarding economic, social, and environmental goals. 

The stress test aims to assess whether the directives remain fit to achieve their objectives in a cost-efficient way, including by identifying opportunities to reduce unnecessary administrative burden. 

The stress test focuses on the concerns and suggestions made by some stakeholders in the call for evidence for the Commission’s initiative on simplification of administrative burdens in environmental legislation,  as well as those that emerged during the implementation dialogues with Commissioner Roswall. 

The issues that are explored are grouped around three main topics: 

  1. Application of Article 6 of the Habitats Directive, with a focus on the appropriate assessment procedure for Natura 2000 sites;
  2. Policy coherence, stakeholder participation, funding support and governance (including monitoring and reporting);
  3. Species protection and derogations, and procedures for adapting the annexes to scientific and technical progress.  
  1. Feb-May 2026
    Study to update the relevant findings and conclusions of the nature directives fitness check (from 2016)

    Fitness check of the EU Nature Legislation (Birds and Habitats Directives)

  2. Spring 2026
    Adoption of guidance documents
  3. 12 May 2026
    Open public consultation and targeted consultation with Member States and stakeholders
  4. September 2026
    Reality check event with Member States authorities and stakeholders
  5. October 2026
    Implementation dialogue with Commissioner Roswall
  6. End 2026
    Report on the stress test

What is the purpose of the stress test?

The purpose is to evaluate whether the Birds and Habitats Directives remain  fit to achieve their objectives more cost-effectively, while maintaining their ambition and high standards of nature protection. The test examines potential for simplification and digitalisation, as part of the European Commission's wider initiative on simplification, aiming to enhance EU competitiveness while safeguarding economic, social, and environmental goals. 

How does it work?

The Commission is collecting evidence and figures in relation to administrative burden, costs and benefits of implementation, and potential for administrative burden and cost reductions while achieving the objectives set by the directives, in close cooperation with Member States and stakeholders. The stress test also considers issues related to climate change, food security, competitiveness, resilience, the evolving case-law and need for legal certainty. It builds on the results of the 2016 Fitness Check of the Directives.

Will this lead to the reopening of the Directives?

The results will indicate whether changes in the legal framework (Birds and Habitats Directives) are necessary to meet simplification objectives.

How does this relate to the Commission’s simplification proposals?

The Environmental Simplification package (“Omnibus”) will make it easier to implement environmental laws while maintaining the environmental standards enjoyed by citizens. The proposal for a Regulation on speeding up environmental assessments aims to streamline and accelerate assessments for permitting procedures, including those under the Birds and Habitats Directives.  The stress test will further explore simplification opportunities for other provisions in the directives beyond environmental assessments, while maintaining overall coherence.